Evolving EMS protocols impact the care patients receive before they present to the ED, so emergency physicians should stay up-to-date on these changes in order to offer high-quality integrated care.

The Rescue Task Force model of care represents an emerging standard of operations in response to high-threat mass casualty incidents. Distinct from the TEMS model, RTF care incorporates "street-level"

Helicopter EMS is less dangerous than often portrayed, and safety is continuously being improved at all levels from the individual, aeromedical agencies, and national regulatory bodies.